Degenerative myelopathy (DM) is a disease that worsens over time, affecting dogs’ spinal cords. It leads to weakness and paralysis of the back legs. This condition is similar to Lou Gehrig’s Disease in humans, damaging dogs’ quality of life. Although we don’t know the exact cause of DM, it’s thought to be linked to genetics.
DM is more common in middle-aged to older dogs. The breed most often impacted is the German Shepherd. But, Bernese Mountain Dogs, Boxers, and Golden Retrievers can also suffer from DM. Signs include weakness in the hind legs, trouble standing up, and a lack of coordination.
Key Takeaways:
- 1 German Shepherds and other breeds like Siberian Huskies and Collies are most prone to Canine Degenerative Myelopathy.
- 1 At-risk breeds also include Bernese Mountain Dogs, Boxers, and Golden Retrievers.
- 1 Typically, DM strikes dogs aged 4 to 14, but it can appear in younger dogs.
- 1 DNA tests can show if dogs do not have DM, carry it, or are at high risk.
- 1 A definite diagnosis of DM is usually made after death, by examining the spinal cord.
- 1 Early on, DM doesn’t affect bladder or bowel functions, but this may change as the disease advances.
- 1 Treatments like physical therapy and laser therapy can help slow down the disease and keep muscles strong.
- 1 The outlook for dogs with DM is not good. It’s a disease that gets worse and cannot be cured. Over time, control over bladder and bowel worsens, affecting mobility more.
What is Degenerative Myelopathy?
Degenerative myelopathy (DM) is a spinal cord disease in dogs. It leads to hind limb weakness and paralysis. The exact cause of DM is unclear, but genetics may play a role.
At first, DM may look like osteoarthritis, making it hard to identify. Over time, symptoms like hind limb “knuckling,” and swaying become more obvious. Affected dogs may also find it hard to stand up.
Pembroke Welsh Corgis might show symptoms earlier because of their genes. Bernese Mountain Dogs could have a different risk factor, known as the SOD1B variant.11 This is along with the SOD1A variant when looking at their DM risk.
Breeds Affected by DM
Degenerative Myelopathy (DM) mainly strikes middle-aged to older dogs. Some breeds, like German Shepherds, German Shepherd mixes, Siberian Huskies, and Collies are more likely to get it1. Over 24 breeds, including Bernese Mountain Dogs, Boxers, and Golden Retrievers have been found with DM1.
Genetic testing can show a dog’s risk for DM. It can tell if dogs are clear, carriers, or at high risk1. This is crucial for breeders wanting to reduce DM in vulnerable breeds1.
Statistics on Breeds Affected by DM
| Breed | Prevalence of DM |
|---|---|
| German Shepherds | High |
| German Shepherd crosses | High |
| Siberian Huskies | High |
| Collies | High |
| Bernese Mountain Dogs | Medium |
| Boxers | Medium |
| Golden Retrievers | Medium |
| Poodles | Medium |
| Rhodesian Ridgebacks | Medium |
This table shows which dog breeds are more likely to get DM. German Shepherds and similar breeds have a high risk. Meanwhile, breeds like Bernese Mountain Dogs and Golden Retrievers face a medium risk1.
Clinical Signs of DM
Degenerative myelopathy (DM) shows up with different signs in dogs. Weakness in the back legs is usually the first sign, leading to trouble standing up and a lack of coordination. Muscle loss also happens. Dogs may start to “knuckle” over, which means their back feet fold and drag on the ground.
This disease gets worse over time. The back legs can become so weak that dogs cannot walk or stand. You might see the muscles in these legs getting smaller because they are not being used.
Dogs with DM might also have trouble controlling their bladder and bowels. This means they can accidentally pee or poop. This situation really affects their life and they need a lot of help and care.
“The clinical signs of DM can greatly impact the affected dogs’ mobility and overall well-being.”
If your dog shows any unusual behavior or signs, you should take them to a vet. They might need X-rays, spinal images, and special muscle tests to check for DM. There’s no cure and things only get worse, which makes early care so important12.
| Statistical Data | Source |
|---|---|
| The genetic mutation SOD-1 is a major risk factor for degenerative myelopathy (DM). | Link 1 |
| DM has been identified in more than 24 different breeds, including German shepherds, Siberian huskies, collies, Bernese mountain dogs, boxers, Chesapeake Bay retrievers, Golden retrievers, and others. | Link 1 |
| DM diagnosis requires various diagnostic tests, such as X-rays, spinal imaging, cerebrospinal fluid analysis, tissue biopsies, and neuromuscular tests. | Link 1 |
| Bladder and bowel problems may occur as the disease progresses, leading to urinary and fecal incontinence. | Link 1 |
| Degenerative myelopathy usually affects dogs older than five years of age and typically older than eight years of age. | Link 2 |
| Degenerative myelopathy is a progressive disease that ultimately leads to paralysis and incontinence. | Link 2 |
Diagnosing DM
Diagnosing degenerative myelopathy (DM) in dogs is tough. It looks a lot like other conditions. Vets use breed, history, exams, and tests to diagnose it1.
The vet will check the dog’s walk and muscle quality. They look for signs of weakness or balance issues. They also look at the dog’s past health.
They might suggest tests like X-rays to rule out other issues. These might include bone problems that seem similar. MRI or myelography could show spinal cord details.
Tests on spinal fluid can check for inflammation. Spinal cord biopsies confirm DM but are usually for research or after death1.
DNA tests are vital for spotting DM. They look for a gene mutation in certain breeds like German Shepherds. It shows whether a dog might get DM, if it’s a carrier, or it’s clear12. This helps with breeding and treating plans.
Right now, there’s no test for DM in live dogs. A sure diagnosis comes by examining the spinal cord after death1. So, the focus is on ruling out other causes and looking at certain test results and genes.
Understanding DM takes close work between dog owners and vets. They use signs, breed info, and tests for a correct diagnosis12.
Treatment Options for DM
Degenerative Myelopathy (DM) is a disease that gradually harms dogs’ spinal cords. Currently, we have no cure for DM. Even so, we can do things to keep a dog’s life as good as possible for longer.
Physical therapy could help slow DM down, make a dog’s life better, and keep their muscles strong. Activities like moving joints, swimming, and walking underwater help. Each dog’s program should fit their needs and be checked by a pro.
It’s important for dogs with DM to not be overweight. Too much weight can make weak legs and joints worse. Good food and regular walks keep a dog’s weight and health in check.
Tools like slings or wheelchairs help dogs with DM move around better. These tools support the dog’s back end. This lets them walk and play easier. Slings help during walks or therapy, and wheelchairs are for dogs who need more help getting around.
Other health problems need attention too, like arthritis. It makes it harder for dogs with DM to move and feel comfortable. Vets might suggest medicines, supplements, or other treatments to help.
“Physical therapy has shown to slow progression, prolong quality of life, and preserve muscle mass in dogs with DM.”1
Despite some suggestions, we’re still not sure some medicines and supplements work for DM. We need more research to find good treatments. Scientists are also looking at lasers or light therapy, but we need to learn more.
DM keeps getting worse over time, making it hard for dogs to move. So, our goal is to make their lives as good as we can for as long as possible.
| DM Treatment Options | Description |
|---|---|
| Physical Therapy | Aims to slow the progression of DM, preserve muscle mass, and improve mobility through targeted exercises and range of motion activities. |
| Maintaining a Healthy Weight | Helps alleviate strain on weakened limbs and joints, improving overall mobility and reducing discomfort. |
| Support Devices (Slings or Wheelchairs) | Assist in maintaining mobility by providing support to the hind end, allowing dogs to continue moving with greater ease. |
| Addressing Concurrent Health Issues (e.g., Arthritis) | Managing other health conditions that can exacerbate mobility problems and discomfort in dogs with DM. |
There’s still no cure, but research is bringing new ideas. A study is testing Riluzole, a drug for humans, on dogs with DM. It looks at how safe and effective the drug is in dogs. Big veterinary schools are working together on this in the US.
“Therapeutic laser or photobiomodulation therapy has shown promising results for DM treatment, but further research is needed.”1
“CHF Grant 03139 is focused on studying Riluzole as a potential treatment for dogs with DM.”3
Research by these schools and help from groups like Bubba’s Buddies give us hope. Medical progress and care strategies are how vets are trying to make life better for dogs with DM.
Prognosis of DM
Degenerative myelopathy (DM) is a serious disease that attacks the spinal cord in dogs. It cannot be cured, leading to poor outcomes. As the condition gets worse, dogs may lose the ability to move and have trouble controlling their bladder and bowels1.
Every dog faces DM differently, but many will struggle to walk within months after symptoms start4. Even if a dog might get DM, the risk is still low4. Deciding when to say goodbye to a dog with DM depends on their happiness and ability to move around5.
Right now, nothing can stop DM. It slowly takes away a dog’s mobility1. Yet, physical therapy can help slow it down and keep muscles strong1.
Even with a grim outlook for DM, caring for these dogs is key. Regular vet visits help manage symptoms, aiming to make dogs as comfortable as possible5.
Genetic Factors and DM
Degenerative Myelopathy (DM) is mainly caused by genetics, especially a change in the SOD-1 gene4. Dogs with two copies of this changed gene are more likely to get DM. Those with one copy may not get sick as quickly4. Genetic tests help figure out if dogs are safe from DM, might carry it, or are at high risk4.
Good breeding practices, like genetic checks, can lower DM in dogs prone to it. Breeders can stop the disease from spreading by choosing dogs without the SOD-1 gene change4. Yet, mating two dogs that carry the gene change can make their puppies much more likely to get DM4.
Also, certain dog breeds might get DM earlier or have it progress differently because of their unique genes. For instance, Pembroke Welsh Corgis show signs of DM sooner because of a gene twist4. Bernese Mountain Dogs might have another version of the SOD1 gene (SOD1B) that should also be checked to see DM risk4..
Genetic testing gives important info about a dog’s risk for DM. It helps breeders make choices that could avoid DM in future pups. This way, we can fight this serious disease and help keep our dogs healthy4.
Genetic Factors and DM – Statistical Data
| Statistical Data | Reference |
|---|---|
| DM typically affects dogs around eight years of age or older | 4 |
| Clinical signs often start in one hind limb and progress to include both | 4 |
| Dogs with two copies of the SOD1 gene variant are considered at higher risk for developing DM | 4 |
| Dogs with one copy of the variant still have a risk of developing DM but generally have slower disease progression than those with two copies | 4 |
| Pembroke Welsh Corgis have a genetic modifier causing earlier onset of DM clinical signs | 4 |
| Bernese Mountain Dogs can have an additional SOD1 gene variant (SOD1B) that should be tested along with the SOD1A variant for assessing DM risk | 4 |
Other Considerations for DM
The exact cause of Canine Degenerative Myelopathy (DM) is still a mystery. It’s thought that genetics and the environment might play a role. Dogs with certain issues like myasthenia gravis or spinal tumors can show similar signs to DM. This means it’s crucial to check for these conditions before making a DM diagnosis. Dogs from breeds known to be at risk can also benefit from specific preventative actions.
“Dogs with certain neurological disorders, such as myasthenia gravis or spinal tumors, may exhibit similar symptoms to DM.”2
A key step in DM prevention is genetic testing. This can show if dogs are ‘clear’, ‘carriers’, or ‘at risk’ for DM. Knowing this helps make smart choices when it comes to breeding. It can also lower the chances of DM in breeds that get it often.2
Keeping a healthy lifestyle is important too. A balanced diet, plenty of exercises, and regular vet visits can keep dogs healthy. This might even help stop DM from developing. A strong immune system and the right nutrition could protect dogs from this disease.
Although German Shepherds are the breed most often linked with DM, it’s not just them that can get it. Boxers, Corgis, Bernese Mountain Dogs, Golden Retrievers, and Poodles can also have this condition.2
By knowing what might cause DM and how to prevent it, dog owners and breeders can help fight this tough disease. This effort can lessen the impact of DM on many dogs.
Supportive Care for Dogs with DM
Canine Degenerative Myelopathy (DM) has no cure. This makes supportive care very important. It helps maintain a good life quality for these dogs.
Physical therapy and hydrotherapy help a lot. They work on making muscles stronger and keeping dogs moving.1 These treatments slow down the disease and help with coordination.
Assistive gadgets like slings or wheelchairs are helpful. They keep the dog’s back legs stable.1 This prevents more muscle and joint issues.
Keeping a healthy weight is vital. It lessens joint and muscle stress. Light, regular exercise keeps their muscles in shape.1 This helps keep them happy and healthy.
Regular vet check-ups are a must. They help adjust the dog’s care as needed.1 Catching problems early improves the dog’s comfort and slows deterioration.
Cold laser therapy has seen success recently. Dr. Debbie Torraca found it slows DM progress.6 It added 11 to 12 months to the dogs’ lives.
No cure for DM exists, but the right care can make a big difference. Dogs with DM can lead active, happy lives with proper support.
Research and Future Developments
Researchers are working hard to find treatments for canine degenerative myelopathy (DM). They’re looking into laser therapy and new treatments to help slow DM down3. More studies are needed to see if these treatments are truly effective over the long term.
Scientists are also studying genes to find more about DM’s risks and possible cures7. They’re looking into the SOD1 gene mutation, which is linked to DM. This mutation is similar to one found in humans with ALS7. Their hope is to find treatment methods that focus on these genetic aspects.
Veterinary hospitals are working together to get more dogs into clinical trials for DM treatment3. Project DM is testing a drug called oral riluzole in dogs to see if it’s safe and works to treat DM3. The project, led by Dr. Joan Coates, is also using biomarkers to track how DM progresses and if treatments are working3.
Bubba’s Buddies, a non-profit, is raising funds to support DM research by helping with screening costs and getting dogs into clinical trials3. Their efforts are making it possible to learn more about DM and how to treat it.
The Canine Health Foundation has helped a lot by funding research on DM. They found a genetic mutation linked to DM and documented how the disease changes the nervous system3. They’ve even found a molecule that helps track the progression of DM. They funded a study on using riluzole to treat DM, a big step forward in the fight against the disease3.
Right now, researchers at top universities are looking into riluzole as a treatment for DM3. This research could help us better understand and treat DM. With continued work and cooperation, there’s hope for new treatments that can improve the lives of dogs with DM.
Conclusion
Degenerative myelopathy (DM) is a serious condition that harms dogs’ spinal cords. It mostly affects middle-aged to older dogs. German Shepherds, Siberian Huskies, and other breeds are especially vulnerable1. The illness leads to signs like weakness in the back legs, trouble standing up, and their back paws not moving right1.
Although no cure exists, things like physical therapy, special gear, and extra care can help dogs live better lives5. Genetic tests for the SOD-1 mutation can tell if dogs are not affected, carriers, or at risk1. Research is ongoing to learn more and find treatments5. Safe breeding and genetic advice can lower DM cases in certain dog breeds8.
In sum, while DM is tough to deal with, new discoveries in how to diagnose, manage, and understand it bring hope for the future.
FAQ
What is degenerative myelopathy?
What breeds are affected by degenerative myelopathy?
What are the clinical signs of degenerative myelopathy?
How is degenerative myelopathy diagnosed?
Is there a treatment for degenerative myelopathy?
What is the prognosis for dogs with degenerative myelopathy?
Are there genetic factors associated with degenerative myelopathy?
How can degenerative myelopathy be prevented?
What supportive care options are available for dogs with degenerative myelopathy?
What is the current research on degenerative myelopathy?
Is there a cure for degenerative myelopathy?
Source Links
- https://vcahospitals.com/know-your-pet/degenerative-myelopathy-in-dogs
- https://www.fitzpatrickreferrals.co.uk/neurology/conditions/canine-degenerative-myelopathy/
- https://www.akcchf.org/educational-resources/library/articles/studying-potential-treatments.html
- https://www.vet.cornell.edu/departments-centers-and-institutes/riney-canine-health-center/canine-health-information/degenerative-myelopathy
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10472985/
- https://toegrips.com/degenerative-myelopathy/
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10374290/
- https://ofa.org/degenerative-myelopathy/
